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6. The fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, 1853 to 1868

While the bakufu were struggling with the social and economic problems discussed on the previous page, a foreign crisis developed which brought matters to a head. The arrival of Commodore Perry from the US and his demands that Japan open up for trade created a domestic crisis which resulted in the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the start of the Meiji Restoration.

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