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12: Imperial Russia, revolution and the establishment of the Soviet Union

This topic looks at the last Tsars of Imperial Russia, the growing clash between conservatism and modernization and the impact of industrialisation, through to the political upheavals of 1905 and 1917 which lead ultimately to the first Communist state under Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

Specifically, this unit examines:

  • The reforms of Alexander II
  • Political and economic developments under Alexander III
  • Nicholas II and the causes and impact of the 1905 Revolution
  • The impact of the First World War and lead up to the revolution of February 1917
  • the causes and consequences of the Revolutions of 1917
  • Lenin's consolidation of power, civil war and changing economic policies, terror and foreign policy
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